外刊写作丨如何给出方案？

写作中不乏各种社会问题，在描述完问题后，我们总需要给出解决方案。在介绍方案时，我们总摆脱不了“The first way is... The second... Thirdly...”这样的俗套句式，阅卷老师看了都连连摇头。那怎么说才能更新颖、更地道呢？今天我们一起来看一看。

一、阅读

这段话选自剑桥雅思真题第10套Test1听力部分section4，全文讲述了白灵熊濒临灭绝，最后提到了保护措施：

The government is now requiring logging companies to adopt a better logging method, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure a healthy population of the spirit bear in the future.

Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to maintain the spirit bear’s habitat, there also needs to be more emphasis on its expansion.

政府现在要求伐木公司采用更好的伐木方法——这是一个积极的步骤。然而，仅靠这些措施可能不足以确保未来白灵熊的数量处于一个健康水平。

我们还需要采取其他措施。尽管保护白灵熊的栖息地很重要，但也要更加重视栖息地的扩张。

这段话不难，简单说几个地方：

logging companies 伐木公司，文中提到伐木公司无限制的扩张影响到白灵熊栖息地。

Spirit bear 就是指「白灵熊」。

emphasis 是一个重点单词，意为 special importance that is given to sth「重视、重要性」，后面加介词 on/upon：put / lay / place emphasis on sth 强调 / 重视某事，可以跟 stress 联系起来。

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二、句型提炼

我们还可以从这两段话中提炼出一套地道的写作模板，用于针对某个问题描述具体的应对措施：

The government is now..., which is a positive step. However, these measures alone may not be sufficient to ensure...

Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to ..., there also needs to be more emphasis on...

这套模板先通过“The government is now”引出了政府的做法，随后以定语从句的形式对该方案进行评价：which is a positive step「是一项积极的举措」，然后通过 However 转折，点出方案的不足：these measures alone may not be sufficient to...，同时也起到过渡作用，引出下文其它方案。

第二段开头以“Other steps also need to be taken”呼应“these measures alone may not be sufficient”，然后通过“While..., ...”结构引出更多方案。

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三、这个句型好在哪里？

首先，这套模板句式和用词丰富。句式上，先后用了定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句，避免了单一句式的呆板性；用词上，表达「措施」时，作者分别用了method, step, measures等不同的词汇，非常灵活；

其次，句子长短结合。①②句是长句，③句为短句，④句又变为长句，读起来更有节奏感；

再次，内容上也更有层次感。不像我们常用的“The first...; The second...”把几项方案堆叠在一起，而是有明显的层次感：先介绍政府措施，然后通过分析其不足来引出更多措施，行文自然，结构紧凑，更有逻辑性。

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四、仿写练习

下面我们结合当前热点话题，运用这个结构，进行仿写。

比如如何应对“久坐带来的身体伤害”：

The government is considering building more sports facilities to tackle this nerve-racking problem, which is a positive step. However, these measures alone are far from sufficient to reduce people’s waist size.

Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important for individuals to rebalance their timetable, there also needs to be more emphasis on scientific guide and psychological support.

前段时间拼多多员工加班猝死，“996”再次成为热点话题，如何解决过度加班带来的问题？我们可以这样说：

The public is pleading and urging to change the "996" overwork culture, which is a positive step. However, these voices alone are far from sufficient to foster a friendly working environment.

Other steps also need to be taken. While it is important to raise companies' awareness, there also needs to be more focus on strict enforcement of labour laws.

阅读是提高写作能力的最佳途径，要在阅读中积累地道的写作句型、表达，一共要做好四步：

1. 阅读，充分理解段落内容；

2. 提炼句型，分析如何运用；

3. 如果没有这个句型，我们会怎么表达？这个句型好在哪里？

4. 结合个人生活经历或近期热点，仿写造句。

当然写作没有固定形式，一切模板结构只是为大家提供一个参考，重点还是自己广泛积累后的熟练运用。

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